BAB 41. BACKEND ARCHITECTURE

Pendahuluan

Backend TemuBelajar dibangun menggunakan Laravel 12 (PHP 8.4) dengan pendekatan Modular Monolith. Pendekatan ini dipilih karena mudah dikembangkan oleh tim kecil, namun tetap siap dipisah menjadi microservice di masa depan.

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Arsitektur Backend

flowchart TD
    Client["📱 Flutter App"] --> API["🔌 Laravel API Gateway"]
    Admin["🖥️ Web Admin"] --> API

    API --> Auth["🔐 Auth Module"]
    API --> User["👤 User Module"]
    API --> Request["📝 Request Module"]
    API --> Match["🤖 Matching Module"]
    API --> Booking["📅 Booking Module"]
    API --> Meeting["🤝 Meeting Module"]
    API --> Chat["💬 Chat Module"]
    API --> Rating["⭐ Rating Module"]
    API --> SIS["🌟 SIS Module"]
    API --> Report["📊 Report Module"]

    Auth --> DB[("💾 MySQL")]
    User --> DB
    Request --> DB
    Match --> DB
    Booking --> DB
    Meeting --> DB
    Chat --> DB
    Rating --> DB
    SIS --> DB
    Report --> DB

    style API fill:#4f63d2,color:#fff
    style DB fill:#1f2937,color:#9ca3af
    style Match fill:#7c3aed,color:#fff

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Layer Arsitektur

Layer	Tanggung Jawab	Contoh
API Layer	Endpoint REST, routing	routes/api/requests.php
Controller Layer	Validasi awal, delegasi ke service	RequestController.php
Service Layer	Business logic, orkestrasi	RequestService.php
Repository Layer	Akses database, query	RequestRepository.php
Model Layer	Eloquent ORM, relasi	Request.php
Database Layer	Penyimpanan data	MySQL tables

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Prinsip Desain

Prinsip	Penjelasan
Thin Controller	Controller hanya menerima request dan mendelegasikan ke service
Fat Service	Seluruh logika bisnis berada di Service Layer
Repository Pattern	Akses database diabstraksi melalui interface
DTO	Data Transfer Object untuk validasi dan transformasi data
Event Driven	Aksi penting men-dispatch event (RequestCreated, BookingAccepted)
Queue Based	Proses berat (AI Matching, Notifikasi) dijalankan via Queue

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Request Lifecycle

flowchart LR
    R["📥 HTTP Request"] --> MW["🛡️ Middleware Stack\n(Auth, Role, School)"]
    MW --> C["🎛️ Controller\n(Validate & Delegate)"]
    C --> S["⚙️ Service\n(Business Logic)"]
    S --> REPO["🗄️ Repository\n(Database Access)"]
    REPO --> M["📋 Model\n(Eloquent)"]
    M --> DB[("💾 MySQL")]
    S --> Q["⏳ Queue\n(Heavy Jobs)"]
    S --> E["📡 Events\n(Broadcast)"]

    style MW fill:#dc2626,color:#fff
    style S fill:#7c3aed,color:#fff
    style Q fill:#b45309,color:#fff

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Tech Stack Backend

Komponen	Teknologi	Versi
Framework	Laravel	12.x
Runtime	PHP	8.4
Database	MySQL	8.0+
Cache	Redis	7.x
Queue	Laravel Horizon	latest
WebSocket	Laravel Reverb	latest
Auth	Laravel Sanctum	latest
Storage	Laravel Storage (S3/Local)	—
Testing	PHPUnit + Pest	latest